What Do Clogged Pores Look Like? How to Manage and Prevent Them

If your skin appears rough, bumpy, or uneven, clogged pores may be the culprit. This common skin concern can develop when dead skin cells and sebum (your skin’s natural oil) become trapped in the hair follicles, causing them to swell. In many cases, clogged pores on the face evolve into visible blackheads, whiteheads, or classic acne breakouts. Fortunately, clogged pores are often avoidable, even if you have oily skin. A proper skincare routine—featuring regular exfoliation and lightweight, non-comedogenic products—can help both clear blocked pores and prevent congestion from recurring. Ahead, learn how to manage and prevent clogged pores, plus discover some of our favorite products for maintaining a smooth, clear complexion.

What Are Pores?

Pores are small openings in the skin that connect to either a hair follicle and sebaceous gland or a sweat gland.^I Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily substance that helps lubricate and protect the skin, while sweat glands release sweat to help regulate body temperature. Pores are found across most of the body, but they tend to be more visible on the face, particularly around the nose, forehead, and cheeks.

What Do Clogged Pores Look Like?

Normally, your pores look like small divots on the surface of your skin. They may be tiny and almost invisible, or larger and more noticeable (both are completely normal—your pore size is determined by genetics).

If oil, dead skin, and other debris become trapped within your pores, you can develop a clogged pore. Clogged pores can take different forms, and each type of congestion may require a different approach. Knowing what to look for can help you choose the right skincare products for your skin.

*Sebaceous filaments aren’t true clogged pores, but they can look similar to small blackheads.

What Are the Different Types of Clogged Pores?

Clogged pores generally fall into one of two categories: open comedones (blackheads) or closed comedones (whiteheads). The main difference is whether the pore remains open at the surface. Knowing which type you have can help you choose the right approach for treating congestion.

Blackheads

Blackheads, also known as open comedones, form when oil and dead skin cells build up in an open pore. Though many believe that blackheads are related to “dirt,” that’s not the case—rather, the oil inside the pore turns dark when exposed to air.II As such, scrubbing your skin won’t get rid of blackheads. The best way to manage them is with beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs), such as salicylic acid.

Whiteheads

Whiteheads, or closed comedones, form when oil and dead skin cells become trapped beneath the skin’s surface. Because the pore opening is closed, the contents aren’t exposed to air, so the bump typically looks white or flesh-toned rather than dark.^II Whiteheads can give skin a rough or bumpy texture, and chemical exfoliants like alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) can help remove dead skin cells and improve the appearance of congestion.

Editor’s note: Clogged pores can sometimes develop into inflammatory acne when trapped oil and dead skin cells contribute to an environment where acne-causing bacteria can thrive. Blackheads and whiteheads are non-inflammatory acne, while inflammatory acne includes papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. These types of breakouts may require a different approach to manage.

What’s the Difference Between Clogged Pores and Enlarged Pores?

It’s easy to confuse clogged pores with enlarged pores, but they’re not the same thing. Clogged pores contain a buildup of oil and dead skin cells, while enlarged pores are simply more visible or wider-looking pore openings. A pore can also look larger when it contains a clog, but clearing the clog doesn’t necessarily change its natural size.

Several factors can make pores look more noticeable:

• Excess oil production: Excess oil can make pores appear larger, particularly in oilier areas like the forehead, nose, and chin.
• Sun exposure: UV exposure can break down collagen and elastin, which can make pores appear more prominent over time. Using a daily broad-spectrum sunscreen can help protect your skin from UV-related damage.
• Natural aging: As collagen production decreases with age, changes in skin firmness can make pores look more noticeable.
• Genetics: Your genes play a major role in determining your natural pore size and how visible your pores are.
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations can increase oil production, which may make pores look more noticeable.^III

What's the Difference Between Clogged Pores and Sebaceous Filaments?

Sebaceous filaments are another common source of confusion when it comes to clogged pores. These small, pinpoint dots (usually grayish or tan in color) tend to appear on the face’s oiliest areas, including the nose and cheeks. Though they look similar to blackheads, sebaceous filaments aren’t clogged pores. Rather, according to the Cleveland Clinic, they’re a normal part of your skin that helps move oil from the sebaceous glands to the surface. If they’re highly visible, it’s likely because you have oily skin.

While you can’t remove sebaceous filaments permanently, using the right skincare products and exfoliating regularly can help make them less noticeable.^IV

Where Do Clogged Pores Commonly Appear?

Clogged pores can develop anywhere on the face, but they’re more common in areas with higher oil production, such as the forehead, nose, and chin. Knowing where you’re most likely to experience congestion can help you adjust your skincare routine based on your skin’s needs.

Forehead

Clogged pores on the forehead are common, as this area tends to produce a high concentration of oil. Additionally, sweat, friction from hats, and even residue from hair products can contribute to congestion. Keeping hair products away from your face and cleansing after sweating can help keep congestion at bay.

Nose

The nose has many sebaceous glands, so it’s a common spot for clogged pores, blackheads, and sebaceous filaments. Additionally, wearing heavy or oily makeup can clog the pores, particularly if you aren’t using the right formulas for your skin type.

Chin

Clogged pores on the chin can be related to excess oiliness, but it’s also linked to hormonal fluctuations. Touching your face, wearing heavy makeup, and wearing masks can also contribute to congestion in this area.

What Causes Clogged Pores?

Clogged pores form when oil and dead skin cells build up inside hair follicles. Several factors can contribute to this buildup, including excess oil production, hormonal changes, certain skincare and makeup products, and irritation from an overly aggressive routine. Identifying what’s contributing to your congestion can help you make targeted changes without overcomplicating your skincare routine.

Dead skin buildup

Your skin naturally sheds dead skin cells as part of its natural turnover process. In some cases, however, these cells can fail to shed properly and become trapped inside your hair follicles. Exfoliating regularly can support your skin’s natural turnover process to help keep your pores clear of debris. For a gentle approach, try swapping your usual cleanser for an exfoliating option, such as the L'Oréal Paris RevitaLift 3.5% Glycolic Acid Cleanser. It’s suitable for all skin types and can be used morning and night to cleanse and refine your skin.II

Excess oil production

Sebum helps lubricate and protect your skin, but producing too much can make clogged pores more likely. Excess oil can mix with dead skin cells inside the hair follicle, creating a plug. People with oily skin are therefore more prone to clogged pores, particularly in areas like the forehead, nose, and chin. While you can’t control how much oil your skin produces—that’s determined by genetics—you can help keep excess oil under control with a consistent skincare routine designed for oily skin.^II

Hormonal fluctuations

Hormonal fluctuations can increase sebum production, which may make clogged pores and breakouts more likely. This often occurs during puberty and, in women, at certain points in the menstrual cycle. If you notice that your congestion regularly appears or worsens at certain intervals, your hormones may be the culprit.^II

Harsh skincare practices

If you have oily skin and clogged pores, your instinct might be to wash your face as much as possible to keep your skin clear. Unfortunately, this could have the opposite effect. Over-cleansing, over-exfoliating, and failing to moisturize properly can all dry out your skin, which can cause your body to over-produce oil to compensate for the lack of moisture.^V Keep your routine gentle and consistent, and speak with a dermatologist if your skin concerns don’t appear to improve within several weeks.

Using comedogenic makeup or skincare

Some makeup, skincare, and hair care products contain oils or other pore-clogging ingredients that can contribute to congestion. This can be particularly noticeable in areas where hair products come into contact with the skin, such as the forehead and hairline. If you’re prone to congestion, look for products labeled “non-comedogenic,” which means they won’t clog your pores. For foundation, we love the L’Oréal Paris Infallible Cushion Foundation, which offers buildable coverage with a soft matte finish (perfect for oilier complexions). It’s non-comedogenic, oil-free, and dermatologist-tested to be suitable for all skin types—even sensitive and blemish-prone skin.

Another great option is the L'Oréal Paris True Match Hyaluronic Tinted Serum. This foundation provides lightweight, hydrating coverage. With daily use, the non-greasy serum formula helps smooth your skin over time.

Choosing the right non-comedogenic foundation depends on your desired finish, preferred coverage, and how much oil control your skin requires throughout the day. Both options below are tested to provide breathable coverage without causing congestion.

What Are Pore-Clogging Ingredients?

Some skincare, makeup, and hair care ingredients may contribute to clogged pores, particularly if you’re prone to congestion. However, there’s no definitive list of ingredients that will clog everyone’s pores. How an ingredient affects your skin can depend on its concentration, the overall formula, and your individual skin.

When checking ingredient lists, pay attention to richer ingredients and formulas if you notice that certain products consistently leave your skin congested. Some categories to keep in mind include:

• Oils: Rich plant and mineral oils can help soften and moisturize the skin, but some may contribute to congestion for certain people. Examples include coconut oil, avocado oil, and wheat germ oil.
• Butters: Plant-derived butters are rich emollients that help soften and moisturize the skin. Shea butter and cocoa butter are common examples, though their potential to clog pores can vary by person and formulation.
• Waxes: Waxes help give skincare and makeup products a thicker texture and can create a protective layer on the skin. Examples include beeswax, carnauba wax, and lanolin.

Reading ingredient labels on cosmetics can be tricky (even for experts), so if you’re unsure how your skin will respond to a product, patch-test it on a small, inconspicuous area first or consult a dermatologist for advice.

How To Get Rid of Clogged Pores

It can be tempting to squeeze or pick at your skin when you notice clogged pores, but it’s best to avoid the urge—doing so can irritate your skin and may even contribute to long-lasting dark spots. Instead, follow these tips to help clear blocked pores safely at home.

1. Wash your face at least once daily

Cleansing your face at the end of each day helps remove sunscreen, makeup, excess oil, and other buildup that may have accumulated throughout the day. If you wear makeup, consider double cleansing to ensure a thorough clean. This approach involves first washing your face with an oil-based cleanser to dissolve makeup, then again with a traditional cream or foaming cleanser to remove any lingering residue. If you don’t wear makeup, a single cleanse may be sufficient.

For most, it’s also a good idea to cleanse your face in the morning, since sweat and dead skin cells can accumulate overnight. However, if your skin is dry or highly sensitive, you can skip the lather and simply rinse your face with lukewarm water instead.

2. Exfoliate regularly

Unclogging pores can often be achieved via simple exfoliation. Beta-hydroxy acids, like salicylic acid, are ideal for managing open comedones (in other words, blackheads), while alpha-hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid can help keep whiteheads at bay while improving skin texture and clarity.

For gentle daily exfoliation that won’t leave your skin feeling irritated, try a salicylic acid-infused serum, like the L'Oréal Paris RevitaLift Derm Intensives 12% Pure Vitamin C + E + Salicylic Acid Serum. It combines exfoliating salicylic acid with vitamins C and E to refine, brighten, and hydrate the skin. Plus, with consistent use, it can help make enlarged pores appear less prominent—a plus for those with oilier skin types.

If your skin concerns call for AHAs, we recommend the L'Oréal Paris RevitaLift 10% Pure Glycolic Acid Serum. It’s suitable for all skin types, but if you’re highly sensitive, start slow and increase your usage gradually to allow your skin time to adjust.

3. Start using retinol

Retinol is well-known for its anti-aging benefits, but it can also be useful for those with clogged pores and blemish-prone skin. That’s because it helps speed up skin cell turnover when used topically, which can reduce the risk of congestion.

To incorporate retinol into your routine, start slowly and avoid combining it with other active ingredients (like chemical exfoliants or vitamin C). You’ll also want to keep your skin adequately hydrated to minimize the chance of dryness or discomfort. If you’re a first-time retinol user, we suggest starting with the L'Oréal Paris RevitaLift Night Serum, 0.3% Pure Retinol once or twice a week.

4. Keep your skin hydrated

Moisturizer won’t clear clogged pores, but it’s still an important step in maintaining a clear, balanced complexion. Keeping your skin moisturized can also help balance oil production and minimize dryness and irritation caused by ingredients like salicylic acid and retinol.

If you’re prone to congestion, look for a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer that hydrates without feeling heavy or greasy. The L’Oréal Paris RevitaLift Micro Hyaluronic Acid + Ceramides Line-Plumping Water Cream is a lightweight option with hyaluronic acid and ceramides, and its gel-cream texture is excellent for those with oily skin. If you prefer traditional creams or have sensitive skin, try the L’Oréal Paris Collagen Moisture Filler Daily Moisturizer Fragrance Free, which delivers up to 48 hours of hydration with a lightweight, non-greasy feel.

At night, try the L'Oréal Paris Revitalift Triple Power Rich Night Moisturizer. This luxurious moisturizer is inspired by dermatological peels, featuring 10% glycolic acid, BHA, PHA, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid to gently resurface the skin.

5. Visit a dermatologist

If you’re wondering how to clear up clogged pores quickly—as in, immediately—your best bet is to see a dermatologist or licensed esthetician for professional extraction. While it may be tempting to squeeze or pick at visible blackheads and whiteheads, doing so at home can irritate the skin and increase the risk of inflammation, dark marks, and scarring. A trained professional can assess your skin and safely extract stubborn or persistent congestion without damaging the skin.

Next Up: Skincare for Sensitive Skin: How To Build a Gentle Everyday Routine

Photo courtesy of L’Oréal Paris

Sources

1. Flament, Frederic et al. “Facial skin pores: a multiethnic study.” Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology vol. 8 85-93. 16 Feb. 2015, doi:10.2147/CCID.S74401
2. Cleveland Clinic. “Clogged Pores.” Cleveland Clinic, 19 Apr 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22773-clogged-pores
3. Cleveland Clinic. “7 Ways to Minimize Pores.” Cleveland Clinic, 7 June 2022. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-shrink-pores
4. Cleveland Clinic. “Sebaceous Filaments.” Cleveland Clinic, 4 Jan 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24571-sebaceous-filaments
5. American Academy of Dermatology. “Moisturizer: Why You May Need It If You Have Acne.” American Academy of Dermatology Association, 2026. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/moisturizer